– Automatically calculate carbon emissions using existing data such as ERP
– Automatic estimation even without data… and regulatory response
“With the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), emissions trading, and mandatory ESG disclosures all collaborating, companies around the world are facing a 'triple pressure' on carbon management.”
2pmlab CEO Seol Su-kyung emphasized this. For companies, the immediate impact is immediate. The EU's CBAM system, which aims to prevent carbon leakage by taxing imported goods based on their greenhouse gas emissions, is scheduled to go into full effect on January 1, 2026, following a transition period in January 2023. Mandatory ESG disclosure is also being implemented in Korea. Starting in 2026, KOSPI-listed companies with total assets of 2 trillion won or more will be subject to mandatory disclosure, and all KOSPI-listed companies will be subject to mandatory disclosure starting in 2030.
However, many companies are unable to respond due to vague disclosure standards, difficulties in securing data, a lack of dedicated personnel, and legal risks. 2pmlab emerged to address these issues. 2pmlab, the developer of the AI-based carbon data platform "Greenflow," is a climate tech company founded in 2020 by project managers and engineers from major corporations such as Naver, Kakao, Hyundai Motor Company, and GS.
Greenflow is a platform that manages carbon emissions across businesses, products, cities, and individuals. It currently manages over 600 businesses and products.
The "Gyeonggi Climate Platform," developed in collaboration with Gyeonggi Province in 2024, is the first example of "Greenflow Business" collaboration. Any small and medium-sized business in Gyeonggi Province can use it free of charge. By entering purchase records, energy usage, and waste emissions, the platform automatically connects to the company's ERP, automatically matching emission factors and detecting outliers to calculate carbon emissions.
2pmlab was selected as an AI Innovation Startup at the Davos Forum in January 2025 and is a member of the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi). Under the motto "Tech for us and Earth," 2pmlab aims to be listed on KOSDAQ in 2028. This year, it was selected for SKT's ESG KOREA program, leading the way in realizing ESG values.
We met with 2pmlab's co-CEO, Seol Su-kyung, to learn how they automatically calculate and estimate carbon emissions and how they respond to regulations.
Simply enter your receipt and the calculation will be done automatically… Easy to use even for non-experts.
Mr. Noh Tan-so, an HR manager at a small and medium-sized manufacturing company, was tasked with carbon management due to the lack of ESG specialists. He had to collect monthly gas, electricity, delivery, and business trip records, convert them into carbon emissions, and report them. However, it was difficult to determine the carbon emissions of each item, and data collection and calculation alone took over a month. After much deliberation, he integrated his ERP system with Greenflow, enabling him to calculate his entire monthly carbon emissions in just 30 minutes.
Existing carbon management systems required companies to manually input all data, including production volume, energy usage, purchase history, and waste information. This required manual entry, a process that could take months. Greenflow minimizes data entry by automatically integrating with various external data sources, such as the company's ERP, electronic tax invoices, and IoT sensors.
When a company links its direct gas and waste disposal costs to Greenflow, they are automatically calculated as carbon emissions. For example, inputting "2 million won spent on LNG" would be calculated as "15 tons of carbon emissions."
Scope 2 carbon emissions from energy use, such as electricity, heat, and cooling, purchased by businesses are also automatically calculated. When linked to your electricity bill, Greenflow automatically calculates "10,000 kWh = approximately 5 tons of CO₂," reflecting Korea Electric Power Corporation's mix of coal, gas, hydro, and solar power.
Scope 3 emissions account for a significant portion of a company's total carbon footprint. Scope 3 emissions account for 70-90 percent of total carbon emissions, and for semiconductor manufacturers, this figure reaches a staggering 99 percent. Because they lie outside a company's direct control, they are the most difficult to calculate and reduce.
"To achieve carbon neutrality, companies must secure and manage data across their entire supply chain. However, collecting, standardizing, and verifying the integrity of data linked to dozens or even hundreds of external organizations—including partners, raw material suppliers, and logistics providers—is a nearly impossible task for individual companies."
However, Greenflow simplifies this process. Companies simply upload their monthly purchase receipts, and the system automatically calculates their emissions. For example, inputting "5 million won worth of steel" automatically converts this to "approximately 50 tons of CO₂" using the steel industry's standard emissions factor (approximately 2 tons of CO₂ per ton). Scope 3 is divided into 15 detailed categories, and by distinguishing between upstream (production) and downstream (distribution and sales), companies can clearly identify where their carbon emissions are highest.
2pmlab's core patent, the 'Automatic Carbon Emission Calculation Method', is a system that completely automates the carbon calculation process that companies had to manually input one by one.
From automated estimation to regulatory response
Companies can't possibly have accurate data for every category. For example, if a semiconductor manufacturer only receives emissions data from five of its ten suppliers and not the other five, Greenflow analyzes the data from those five suppliers and learns patterns to estimate the emissions of the remaining five. Similarly, it's impossible to know the actual usage patterns of all customers. However, by combining industry averages (e.g., a car driven 15,000 km per year, a washing machine used three times a week) with a company's sales data, a reliable estimate can be made.
Greenflow utilizes a database of industry- and process-specific emission factors and machine learning models to provide diagnostics that go beyond simple calculations. If emissions from a specific process significantly increase compared to average years, the system analyzes the cause and suggests improvement measures by comparing it to similar processes.
Greenflow's regulatory mapping LLM monitors regulatory changes in real time, automatically analyzes the impact across industries, and provides guidance to companies. When the EU's CBAM is announced, it presents Scope 3 response measures for the semiconductor industry, and when the CSRD standards change, it notifies new disclosure requirements. It also automatically recommends SBTi certification requirements (46% reduction in Scopes 1 and 2 by 2030, and 27% reduction in Scope 3).
Traditional consulting methods were time-consuming and costly, requiring manual labor to handle everything from supplier data collection, standardization, verification, and reporting. Greenflow fundamentally changes this, enabling businesses to do so in a much shorter timeframe and at a lower cost. This represents a groundbreaking change for small and medium-sized businesses. Where previously they had no choice but to resort to expensive consulting or forgo it, they can now secure accurate carbon data at a low cost, automate annual reporting, and respond to regulatory changes in real time.
"2pmlab has targeted small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as its users from the beginning. SMEs account for 90 percent of this market. They either don't have an ESG manager or hold one concurrently. No matter how powerful a solution is, it's meaningless if it can't be used. Therefore, 2pmlab designed a UI/UX that's easy for anyone to use, minimizing data entry and letting AI handle the rest."
By accurately calculating and estimating Scopes 1, 2, and 3, companies can clearly identify where their greatest carbon emissions are generated. This also reveals reduction priorities. This allows them to decide whether to switch suppliers, improve processes, or substitute materials. Decisions that were merely guesswork in the absence of data become strategic decisions when backed up by numbers. This is the paradigm shift 2pmlab pursues.
Towards the global carbon accounting market
The global carbon accounting market is enormous. It's projected to reach approximately $185.5 billion by 2024, $250 billion by 2025, and $1 trillion by 2032. The domestic market alone is growing at an average annual rate of 22-38%. If we expand what we can do domestically, global expansion will be a natural fit.
2pmlab plans to initially leverage supply chain connections with Korean companies in Japan and Singapore, targeting robust regulations like the EU's CBAM and the demand for Scope 3 compliance. Finally, it aims to enter the US market and secure global leadership.
Korea has one of the most complex supply chains in the world. Its global production network is deeply integrated, and regulatory changes are rapid. 2pmlab's success in Korea demonstrates its ability to succeed in even more challenging markets. In fact, there was even a case where a company attempted to enter the Japanese market but had to adjust its strategy due to local complexities.
Just a decade ago, carbon was a headache for businesses. It was a number to be hidden to avoid regulations. But things have changed. Carbon data is a source of corporate competitiveness, a criterion for investment decisions, and a new revenue opportunity. CEO Seol emphasized, "At this pivotal moment in our era, it's crucial to help companies easily acquire, manage, and utilize data."
"Our ultimate goal is to use technology to make carbon neutrality, a massive social challenge, a reality. Our dream is for Korean companies to become global leaders in this field, and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around the world to join in carbon management."
If 2pmlab's vision is achieved, we can expect a carbon-neutral world to arrive a little sooner.
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